Lifetime Jacksonville resident and Cats fan, figured I would give a high level breakdown of our town. First thing you need to know is that Jacksonville is a huge area. So huge that the city is somewhat segregated into multiple "cities" within the city:
Beaches:
Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, Jax Beach and Ponte Vedra Beach. Probably the best and most fun "party scenes" but a 25-35 minute drive/Uber downtown to Everbank arena. One Ocean is a primo hotel on the Atlantic, pricey but if you can swing it, this would be my recommendation. Tons of fantastic restaurants and bars and everything is walkable, Ocean, etc.
St Johns Town Center:
The fastest growing area in Jacksonville. It's got all the shopping and eating (more chain places than local eatery) you'd ever need. But again, still about a 15-20 minute drive to downtown. Several nice (new) hotels in this area as well. TopGolf also just opened in this area so that's a nice bonus activity. Don't really get the full Jacksonville experience here but a fun place to be nonetheless.
Downtown:
Jacksonville's downtown scene only really comes alive on Gamedays (Gator bowl, Fla/Ga, Jaguars games, NCAA tournament etc.). The Omni, Hyatt and Doubletree are without question your best hotel options. Decent food options downtown but fine dining downtown is actually quite limited. Hop across the river (5 min Uber ride) though into San Marco and you'll find some great fine dining spots. Downtown party scene is centered around "The Landing". It's basically a riverfront amphitheater of restaurants, bars, etc. The Landing is typically "the spot" to be during big Jax sporting events. You'll see concerts, radio shows, etc here. It will be the "unofficial" Gator Bowl party hub for sure. Locals tend to frown upon it, but for big events like this, it can be a lot of fun as this is where most fans will congregate.
Riverside/Avondale
Would equate this area to Buckhead as it compares to Atlanta (except closer). Great bars, restaurants and breweries. This is not only the prettiest area of Jax but it's also fastest growing spot for the 25-35 year olds in Jacksonville. No real hotel options in this area but great places to eat and party. About 5-10 minutes from downtown.
Let me know if you have any specific questions about destinations etc. Would love to help. GBB.