Those aren't BACK CHANNELS! Those are direct contacts, establishing relationships and ties between leaders. In back channel communications, the leaders DO NOT SPEAK TO ONE ANOTHER! They are used to send communications without the appearance of communication.
No, back channels are ways to communicate without being surveilled. Did Obama establish any back channels during his transition? Did Bush? Did Clinton?
The Roosevelt administration
Back-channel lines of communication with Russia have not only been used before -- they were in some ways the birthplace of the two countries’ relationship. Back-channel negotiations were used to establish diplomatic relations under the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency in 1933, Moss said.
During
World War II, the Roosevelt administration and
Winston Churchillused FDR’s associate Harry Hopkins as a non-official negotiator with the fledgling communist nation. Hopkins “transmitted diplomatic messages that bypassed the
State Department with the Soviets,” Moss said.
The Kennedy administration
A series of documents related to Robert Kennedy’s role in his brother’s administration indicate that he had a significant role in foreign policy and particularly the Cuban missile crisis, despite his official role as U.S. Attorney General.
Robert Kennedy’s role as an intermediary between the White House and the Soviets eventually helped sidestep the two countries’ use of nuclear weapons through a public U.S. pledge not to invade
Cuba if the Soviet Union pulled out their missiles along with a private promise to remove U.S. missiles in
Italy and Turkey.
There is “some irony” in this scenario, Moss said, “because there were anti-nepotism laws enacted after that.”
The Nixon administration
The Nixon White House kept the State Department out of the loop on their negotiations with the Soviet Union throughout
the Cold Warbecause it “suited his idea of centralizing power in the White House,” Moss said.
Over the course of his presidency, Nixon worked to achieve détente -- the relaxing of tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union -- largely through a back-channel diplomatic relationship between Henry Kissinger and Soviet ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin because he was wary of press leaks and distrustful of traditional channels of diplomacy.
In 1971 Nixon said of his own White House: “There have been more back-channel games played in this administration than any in history because we couldn’t trust the goddamned State Department."
Nixon’s affinity for back-channel communications also contributed to several other major foreign policy achievements of his administration, Moss said.
He employed Kenneth Rush, one of his former law school professors and then-ambassador to West Germany, to synchronize negotiations on the Quadripartite Access Agreement on Berlin with the Kissinger-Dobrynin Channel, outside of the purview of the State Department.
The “opening of China” to the United States in 1972 following a historic presidential visit
remains one of the Nixon administration’s claims to fame. Contacts with Chinese leadership -- and eventually the fostering of a diplomatic relationship with China -- were made possible with the help of Pakistan’s ruler and military dictator Yahya Khan, who delivered messages back and forth between the powers.
Even before coming into office,
Nixon’s campaign staff secretly communicated with South Vietnam to sabotage President Lyndon Johnson’s 1968 peace talks. In his book “Richard Nixon: The Life,” John A. Farrell reported that notes from Nixon’s closest aide, H.R. Haldeman, indicated that the campaign staff encouraged South
Vietnam not to come to the negotiating table.
The Obama administration
In March 2013, the Obama administration opened up a back channel with Iran, and subsequently held several secret meetings. When the
Iran Nuclear deal was brokered, Obama said the back-channel conversations were instrumental in negotiating the deal, according to the Associated Press.
Obama also
approved secret negotiations with Iran in 2014 that were used to negotiate for the freedom of Americans held captive there.