-Some disorganized thoughts:
-Obamacare did a lot of good but I never saw it as a long term solution. From a purely business standpoint, you simply can't force insurance companies to insure everyone regardless of medical history AND lower costs. Those people weren't insured because they were expensive to insure. I have long believed it was an avenue to bankrupt insurance companies and force the hand of a single payer system. However, insurance companies aren't willing to martyr themselves for the cause, hence the even more rapidly escalating premiums. It's not sustainable.
-Poor lifestyle is absolutely a contributor to American health care costs. We're fatter than any other country and we still smoke like crazy. I have countless examples of how they directly correlate with health care costs, especially regarding surgical care. Obese people are harder to operate on, get infected more frequently, and have more complications. They have much higher rates of diabetes and sleep apnea, which have their own host of complications associated with them. Smokers have poor wound/bone healing and thus more complications. In the hospital I used to work at, the spine surgeons wouldn't operate on you if you had any evidence of nicotine in your system. There is concrete evidence that those patients have poor outcomes and higher infection risk, and the surgeons weren't willing to assume all of the consequences of that risk from the patient. If we go to single payer, there will be rationing of care. There's just no way around it when the supply is short. Don't be surprised if you are denied elective, non-essential treatments/surgeries because of your lifestyle in such a system.
-End of life care is an incredible drain. We don't cope with death well as a society. By and large, people want everything done and are only accepting of death if it's the only remaining option after every possible intervention, treatment, medication, etc has been exhausted--- even (or especially) if it's at the expense of quality of live and dignity. And often times, it doesn't prolong life anyway. People are very understanding of the need to let people die peacefully without exhausting all possible heroics... until it's them or a loved one in the situation.
-Primary care is woefully underpaid, hence people don't go into it and there's a shortage. People don't see PCPs for that reason, and their lifestyles continue to suffer and lead to more expensive problems that require more expensive treatments. I strongly disagree with whoever said that docs don't go into medicine to help people. The problem is that the process is so long (as it should be) and thus expensive. Reality sets in. Do you want to work 80-90 hours a week forever for 120k while racking up a half million in debt during medical school (which balloons further during residency)? Or do you want to focus on a sub specialty where you can still help people but be compensated better with a better lifestyle?
There's way more wrong that that. It'll never, ever be "solved." It's just about finding the best way to utilize resources so as many people have access as possible.