4.4% of SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) recipients are not U.S. citizens.This figure comes from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Characteristics of SNAP Households report for Fiscal Year 2023, based on a quality control sample of about 40.1 million participants. It includes:
- Refugees: 1.1% (434,000 people)
- Other non-citizens (such as lawful permanent residents and other eligible immigrants): 3.3% (1.33 million people)
These groups total 1.76 million non-citizens, or 4.4% of all recipients. For context, 89.4% are U.S.-born citizens and 6.2% are naturalized citizens. Undocumented immigrants are ineligible for SNAP and not included.This is the most recent detailed breakdown available as of October 2025; participation rates can vary slightly by year, but citizenship distributions have been stable.